Ulwazi olusisiseko lwe-PHA

I-Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), i-intracellular polyester eyenziwe ngama-microorganisms amaninzi, i-polymer biomaterial yendalo.

Kwiiseli ze-microbial, ngokukodwa iiseli zebhaktheriya, kukho inani elikhulu le-polymer polyesters - Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA).Le yindalo yepolymer biomaterial.Ayibhekiseli ngokuthe ngqo kwipolymer ethile, kodwaixesha eliqhelekileyo kwiklasi yeepolymers ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo.

I-PHA sele inamavaizigaba ezine zophuhliso.

Isizukulwana sokuqala se-PHA, i-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), yaveliswa ngobuninzi nguChemie Linz AG e-Austria kwi-1980s (imveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezili-100).Njengomathiriyeli wokuqala ofunyenweyo we-PHA, i-PHB ikwalelona sakhiwo silula kwaye siqhelekileyo kusapho lwe-PHA.Inomgangatho ophezulu wesakhiwo, iipropathi ezinzima kunye ne-brittle, kunye neempawu zayo zemishini kunye nenqanaba lokunyibilika lifana ne-polypropylene (PP);kodwa ulwandiso ngexesha lekhefu Izinga eliphantsi, ubuqhophololo obuphezulu.Ke ngoko, i-PHB ihlala ayinakusetyenziswa njengesixhobo esinye kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza okusebenzayo.

Isizukulwana sesibini se-PHA, i-polyhydroxybutyric acid copolyester (PHBV), yathengiswa yi-ICI kwiminyaka ye-1980.I-PHBV yi-PHA copolymer enobunzima bemolekyuli obungaphezulu kwama-300,000.I-PHBV, njengophuculo kwimveliso yesizukulwana sokuqala se-PHB, iphucule kakhulu ukuqina kwayo emva kokongeza i-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) i-monomer.Kuba inokonakala ngokupheleleyo kumgquba, emhlabeni, emanzini olwandle nakwezinye iindawo ezisingqongileyo, ikwanakho ukuhambelana kwebhayoloji kunye nokusebenza komqobo ophezulu kulwelo kunye neegesi, okwenza i-PHBV ibe yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yobunjineli bomntu yokwenza iisutures zonyango.ucingo, izikhonkwane zethambo, njl., kwaye zinokusetyenziswa njenge-mulch yezolimo,iingxowa zokuthenga, i-tableware kunye nezinto zokupakisha ukutya.Okwangoku, inkqubo yemveliso yeemveliso ze-PHBV iye yaphuhliswa ngakumbi, kwaye isetyenziswe kwiitreyi zegalufa,iitafile ezilahlwayo, iifilimu, iipleyiti, ukupakishwa kunye namanye amabala.

Isizukulwana sesithathu se-PHA-poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx), ukususela ngo-1998, iYunivesithi yaseTsinghua yeMicrobiology Laboratory kunye neGuangdong Jiangmen Biotechnology Development Centre iphuhlise ngempumelelo i-hydroxybutyric acid okokuqala kwihlabathi Iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-industrialized ye-copolymer. I-PHBHHx ene-hydroxycaproic acid, kwaye iqonda imveliso enkulu.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PHBV, i-PHBHHx ine-crystallinity ephantsi kunye ne-ductility ephezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuthelekiswa neeplastiki ze-polyethylene (PE).

Isizukulwana sesine se-PHA-copolymer ye-poly-3-hydroxybutyrate kunye ne-4-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB4HB okanye i-P34HB), ineempawu ezintle zokwenza ifilimu kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo, kodwa i-hydrophilicity embi.Isizukulwana sesine se-PHA sibonise amathuba afanelekileyo okusebenza kwinkalo yophando lobunjineli bezicubu, njengezinto ze-scaffold kwi-bone izicubu zobunjineli ukulayisha i-mesenchymal stem cells, njl njl.

Ngenxa yokuba i-PHA ine-biocompatibility efanelekileyo, i-biodegradability kunye nokusebenza kwe-thermal processing yeplastiki ngaxeshanye.Ke ngoko, inokusetyenziswa njengezinto ze-biomedical kunyeizinto zokupakisha ezinokubolakwangaxeshanye, eye yaba yeyona ndawo isebenzayo yophando kwicandelo lezinto eziphilayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.I-PHA ikwanazo neepropati ezininzi ezongeziweyo zexabiso eliphezulu ezifana ne-nonlinear optics, i-piezoelectricity, kunye neempawu zokuthintela igesi.

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